Ngesonto lokugcina likaJuni kulo nyaka, abantu ababalelwa ku-15,000 eJapane bathuthelwe ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nge-ambulensi ngenxa yokushisa.Kushone abayisikhombisa, kwathi iziguli ezingama-516 zagula kakhulu.Izingxenye eziningi ze-Europe nazo zaba nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokungavamile ngoJuni, lifinyelela ku-40ºC ezifundeni eziningi.Ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, amaza okushisa abelokhu ehlasela izindawo eziningi zomhlaba eminyakeni yamuva nje.Abantu abaningi baye bathintwa amagagasi okushisa.
EJapane, kufa abantu abangaba ngu-5 000 unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yezingozi lapho begeza emakhaya.Iningi lalezi zingozi zenzeka ebusika, okucatshangwa ukuthi imbangela enkulu wukusabela kokushaqeka kokushisa.
Ukusabela kwe-Heatstroke nokushaqeka kokushisa kuyizimo ezivamile lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo lingabangela umonakalo obulalayo emzimbeni womuntu.
I-Heatstroke kanye ne-Heat Shock Response
I-Heatstroke yigama elijwayelekile lezimpawu ezenzeka lapho umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo eshisayo nenomswakama.Izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukusebenza endaweni eshisayo nenomswakama.Ngokuvamile, umzimba uyajuluka futhi uvumele ukushisa kuphumele ngaphandle ukuze kwehlise izinga lokushisa.Nokho, uma umzimba ujuluka kakhulu futhi ulahlekelwa amanzi nosawoti ngaphakathi, ukushisa okungena nokuphuma emzimbeni ngeke kulinganiseke, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lizokhuphuka kakhulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ukwazi nokufa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.I-Heatstroke ingenzeka hhayi kuphela ngaphandle kodwa nangaphakathi endlini, lapho izinga lokushisa legumbi likhuphuka.Cishe u-40% wabantu abahlushwa ukushisa e-Japan bakuthuthukisa ngaphakathi endlini.
Ukusabela kokushaqeka kokushisa kusho ukuthi umzimba wonakaliswa ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa.Izimo ezibangelwa ukushaqeka kokushisa zivame ukwenzeka ebusika.Umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka wehle, kulimaze imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni nasebuchosheni, okubangela ukuhlaselwa okufana ne-myocardial infarction nesifo sohlangothi.Uma izimo ezinjalo zingelashwa ngokuphuthumayo, imiphumela emibi ngokuvamile ihlala, futhi ukufa akuyona into engavamile.
EJapane, ukufa kwabantu ezindlini zangasese kuyanda ebusika.Amakamelo okuhlala namanye amagumbi abantu abachitha isikhathi kuwo ayafudunyezwa, kodwa izindlu zokugezela ngokuvamile azishisi e-Japan.Lapho umuntu ephuma endlini efudumele eya endlini yokugezela ebandayo futhi engena emanzini ashisayo, umfutho wegazi lomuntu kanye nezinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka futhi lehle kakhulu, okubangele ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nobuchopho.
Uma ubhekene nomehluko obanzi wezinga lokushisa esikhathini esifushane, isibonelo, lapho uya emuva naphambili phakathi kwezindawo ezibandayo zangaphandle nezifudumele ngaphakathi ebusika, abantu bangase bazizwe bequleka, benomkhuhlane, noma begula.Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwama-air conditioners, kuvamile ukwenza izivivinyo zokupholisa ebusika nokuhlola ukushisa ehlobo.Umbhali uhlangabezane nokuhlolwa kokushisisa futhi wazizwa ephelelwa amandla ngemva kokubuyela emuva naphambili phakathi kwegumbi lokuhlola ezingeni lokushisa elingu--10ºC kanye negumbi kuzinga lokushisa elingu-30ºC esikhathini esifushane.Lokhu kwakuwuvivinyo lokukhuthazela komuntu.
Izinzwa Zezinga Lokushisa Nokujwayela
Abantu banezinzwa ezinhlanu: ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, nokuthinta.Ngaphezu kwalokho, bezwa izinga lokushisa, ubuhlungu nokulinganisela.Inzwa yezinga lokushisa iyingxenye yenzwa ethintekayo, futhi ukushisa nokubanda kuzwakala ama-receptors abizwa ngokuthi izindawo ezifudumele kanye namabala abandayo, ngokulandelanayo.Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, abantu bayizilwane ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, futhi kuthiwa abantu kuphela abakwazi ukugijima ama-marathon ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo lasehlobo.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu bangehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo ngokujuluka esikhumbeni somzimba wonke.
Kuthiwa izidalwa eziphilayo zizivumelanisa nendawo ehlala zishintsha ukuze zisekele ukuphila nokuziphilisa.I-'Adaptation' ihumusha 'ukujwayela'.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lapho kushisa ngokuzumayo ehlobo, ingozi yokushisa iyanda, ikakhulukazi ngosuku lwesibili nolwesithathu, bese kuthi ngemva kwesonto, abantu bajwayele ukushisa.Abantu nabo bayawajwayela amakhaza.Abantu abahlala endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa elivamile langaphandle lingaba ngaphansi kuka -10ºC bazozizwa befudumele ngosuku lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle likhuphukela ku-0ºC.Abanye babo bangase bagqoke isikibha futhi bajuluke ngosuku lapho izinga lokushisa liyi-0ºC.
Izinga lokushisa elibonwa abantu lihlukile kwezinga lokushisa langempela.Endaweni yaseTokyo, eJapane, abantu abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi kufudumala ngo-April bese kubanda ngo-November.Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha yesimo sezulu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, amancane, kanye nesilinganiso ngo-Ephreli noNovemba acishe afane.
I-Air Conditioning kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa
Ngenxa yemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, amagagasi okushisa ahlasela izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba, futhi izingozi eziningi ngenxa yokushisa zenzekile nakulo nyaka.Nokho kuthiwa anciphile amathuba okufa okubangelwa ukushisa njengoba kubhebhetheka i-air conditioning.
Ama-air conditioner athambisa ukushisa futhi avimbele ukushisa.Njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukushisa, kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa ama-air conditioner endlini.
Ama-air conditioner alawula izinga lokushisa legumbi kanye nomswakama ukuze enze isimo esikhululekile, kodwa isimo sokushisa sangaphandle asishintshi.Lapho abantu behla benyuka phakathi kwezindawo ezinomehluko omkhulu wokushisa, bahlushwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu futhi bangase bagule ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa futhi bangase balimaze impilo yabo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingacatshangelwa ukuze kugwenywe izinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa ngesikhathi esifushane mayelana nokuziphatha komuntu.
– Ukuze uvimbele ukusabela kokushaqeka kokushisa ebusika, gcina umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamagumbi phakathi kuka-10ºC.
– Ukuze uvimbele ukushisa ehlobo, gcina umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamazinga okushisa angaphandle nangaphakathi ngaphakathi kuka-10ºC.Kubonakala kusebenza ngempumelelo ukushintsha ukulungiselelwa kwezinga lokushisa kwegumbi ngokusebenzisa isiphephetha-moya, ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa langaphandle elitholiwe kanye nomswakama.
– Uma uya emuva naphambili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, yakha isimo sezulu esiphakathi nendawo noma indawo futhi uhlale lapho isikhashana ukuze ujwayele indawo ezungezile, bese ungena noma uphume.
Ukucwaninga ngesimo somoya, izindlu, izinto zokusebenza, ukuziphatha komuntu, njll. kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo empilweni obangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.Kwethenjwa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-air conditioning ehlanganisa le miphumela yocwaningo izothuthukiswa ngokuzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-19-2022