Izazinzulu kunye nabezopolitiko bathi sijongene nengxaki yeplanethi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kodwa buthini ubungqina bokufudumala kwehlabathi kwaye sazi njani ukuba kubangelwa ngabantu?
Sazi njani ukuba ihlabathi liya lisiba shushu?
Isijikelezi-langa sethu sifudumala ngokukhawuleza ukusukela ekuqaleni kweNguqu yezoShishino.
Umyinge wobushushu kumphezulu woMhlaba unyuke malunga ne-1.1C ukusukela ngo-1850. Ngaphaya koko, isithuba seminyaka engamashumi amane edlulileyo ibishushu kunayo nayiphi na eyandulelayo, ukusukela phakathi kwiNkulungwane ye-19.
Ezi zigqibo zivela kuhlalutyo lwezigidi zemilinganiselo eziqokelelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.Imilinganiselo yobushushu iqokelelwa zizikhululo zemozulu emhlabeni, kwiinqanawa nangesathelayithi.
Amaqela amaninzi azimeleyo eenzululwazi afikelele kwisiphumo esifanayo - i-spike kumaqondo obushushu ahambelana nokuqala kwexesha loshishino.
Oosonzululwazi banokuphinda bazame ukuguquguquka kobushushu nasemva kwexesha.
Amakhonkco emithi, amaqhekeza omkhenkce, intlenge yechibi kunye neekorali zonke zirekhoda utyikityo lwemozulu yangaphambili.
Oku kunika umxholo ofunekayo kakhulu kwinqanaba langoku lokufudumala.Ngapha koko, izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba umhlaba awuzange ube shushu malunga neminyaka eyi-125,000.
Sazi njani ukuba abantu banoxanduva lokufudumala kwehlabathi?
Iigesi zeGreenhouse - ezibamba ubushushu beLanga - lelona khonkco libalulekileyo phakathi kokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nezinto ezenziwa ngabantu.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yicarbon dioxide (CO2), ngenxa yobuninzi bayo kwiatmosfera.
Sinokutsho kwakhona ukuba yi-CO2 yokubambisa amandla eLanga.Iisathelayithi zibonisa ubushushu obuncinane obuvela eMhlabeni bubalekela emajukujukwini ngokuthe ngqo kubude bamaza apho i-CO2 ifunxa khona amandla asasazwayo.
Ukutshisa iifosili kunye nokugawulwa kwemithi kukhokelela ekuphumeni kwale gesi yegreenhouse.Yomibini le misebenzi yaqhuma emva kweNkulungwane ye-19, ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba umoya we-CO2 wonyuke ngexesha elifanayo.
Kukho indlela esinokubonisa ngayo ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ivela phi le CO2 yongezelelweyo.Ikhabhoni eveliswa ngokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili inophawu olwahlukileyo lwekhemikhali.
Amakhonkco emithi kunye nomkhenkce we-polar zombini utshintsho lweerekhodi kwi-chemistry ye-atmospheric.Xa bevavanywa babonisa ukuba ikharbhon - ngokukodwa kwimithombo yefosili - inyuke kakhulu ukusukela ngo-1850.
Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-800,000, i-CO2 ye-atmospheric ayizange iphakame ngaphezu kwe-300 inxalenye yesigidi (ppm).Kodwa ukusukela kwi-Industrial Revolution, i-CO2 yoxinaniso inyuke yaya kutsho kwinqanaba layo langoku eliphantse libe yi-420 ppm.
Ukulinganisa kwekhompyutha, okwaziwa ngokuba ziimodeli zemozulu, kuye kwasetyenziswa ukubonisa oko bekuya kwenzeka kumaqondo obushushu ngaphandle kwezixa ezikhulu zeegesi zegreenhouse ezikhutshwa ngabantu.
Batyhila ukuba bekuya kubakho ukufudumala okuncinci kwehlabathi- kwaye mhlawumbi nokuphola okuthile- kwi-20th kunye ne-21st Centuries, ukuba izinto zendalo beziphembelela imozulu.
Kuphela xa izinto zabantu zingeniswa apho iimodeli zinokuthi zichaze ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa.
Abantu banayiphi impembelelo kwisijikelezi-langa?
Umgangatho wokufudumeza uMhlaba sele uqikelelwe ukuba wenze utshintsho olukhulu kwihlabathi elisingqongileyo.
Uqwalaselo lwehlabathi lokwenyani ngolu tshintsho lwendlela izazinzulu ezilindele ukuzibona ngokufudumala okubangelwa ngabantu.Ziquka:
***Imikhenkce yaseGreenland neAntarctic iyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza
***Inani leentlekele ezibangelwa yimozulu liye landa ngomlinganiselo weminyaka emihlanu kwiminyaka engama-50
***Amanqanaba olwandle ehlabathi anyuke nge-20cm (8ins) kwinkulungwane edlulileyo kwaye asakhula
***Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1800, iilwandle ziye zaba malunga nama-40% easidi ngaphezulu, echaphazela ubomi baselwandle.
Kodwa ngaba bekufudumala ngaphambili?
Kukho amaxesha amaninzi ashushu ngexesha elidlulileyo loMhlaba.
Malunga nezigidi ezingama-92 zeminyaka eyadlulayo, umzekelo, amaqondo obushushu ayephezulu kangangokuba kwakungekho mikhenkce yencam kwaye izidalwa ezifana neengwenya zazihlala kude ngasentla njengeCanadian Arctic.
Noko ke, oko akufanele kuthuthuzele nabani na, kuba abantu babengekho.Maxa wambi ngaphambili, umphakamo wolwandle wawungama-25m (80ft) ngaphezu kwangoku.Ukunyuka kwe-5-8m (16-26ft) kubonwa ngokwaneleyo ukuntywilisela uninzi lwezixeko eziselunxwemeni zehlabathi.
Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuphela kobomi ngeli xesha.Kwaye iimodeli zemozulu zibonisa ukuba, ngamanye amaxesha, iindawo ezitshisayo zinokuba "ziindawo ezifileyo", zishushu kakhulu ukuba uninzi lwezilwanyana ziphile.
Oku kuguquguquka phakathi kobushushu nokubanda kubangelwe zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya indlela uMhlaba ojikeleza ngayo njengoko ujikeleza iLanga ixesha elide, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo kunye nemijikelo yemozulu yexesha elifutshane efana ne-El Niño.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi, amaqela abizwa ngokuba “ngabantu abathandabuzayo” bemozulu baye bathandabuza isiseko senzululwazi sokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Noko ke, phantse zonke izazinzulu ezipapasha rhoqo kwiijenali eziphononongwe ngoontanga ngoku ziyavumelana ngoonobangela bangoku bokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ingxelo ephambili ye-UN ekhutshwe ngo-2021 yathi "ayinakuphikiswa ukuba impembelelo yomntu ifudumeze umoya, iilwandle kunye nomhlaba".
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, nceda ujonge:https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58954530
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-21-2022