Kwiveki yokugqibela kaJuni kulo nyaka, malunga ne-15,000 yabantu baseJapan bathuthelwa kumaziko onyango nge-ambulensi ngenxa yobushushu.Kwasweleka abasixhenxe, kwaye abaguli abangama-516 bagula kakhulu.Uninzi lweendawo zaseYurophu ziye zafumana amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga ngoJuni, afikelela kuma-40ºC kwimimandla emininzi.Ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi, amaza obushushu ebebetha iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi rhoqo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Abantu abaninzi baye bachatshazelwa ngamaza obushushu.
EJapan, nyaka ngamnye kufa abantu abamalunga nama-5 000 ngenxa yeengozi ngoxa behlamba ekhaya.Uninzi lwezi ngozi zenzeka ebusika, kwaye oyena nobangela kucingelwa ukuba bubushushu.
IHeatstroke kunye nempendulo yomothuko wobushushu ziimeko eziqhelekileyo apho ubushushu bendalo bunokubangela umonakalo obulalayo kumzimba womntu.
IHeatstroke kunye neHeat Shock Response
I-Heatstroke ligama eliqhelekileyo leempawu ezenzekayo xa umzimba womntu ungakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nendawo eshushu nefumileyo.Ubushushu bomzimba bukhuphuka ngexesha lokuzilolonga okanye ukusebenza kwindawo eshushu nefumileyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umzimba ubila kwaye uvumela ubushushu buphume ngaphandle ukuze buthobe ubushushu bawo.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umzimba ubila kakhulu kwaye ulahlekelwe ngamanzi kunye netyuwa ngaphakathi, ubushushu obungena kunye nokuphuma emzimbeni abuyi kulungelelaniswa, kwaye ubushushu bomzimba buya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kubangele ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kunye nokufa kwiimeko ezinzima.I-Heatstroke ayinakwenzeka kuphela ngaphandle kodwa nangaphakathi, xa ubushushu begumbi bukhuphuka.Malunga ne-40% yabantu abaphethwe yiheatstroke eJapan bayiphuhlisela ngaphakathi.
Ukusabela kukothuka kobushushu kuthetha ukuba umzimba wonakaliswe kukutshintsha kobushushu ngesiquphe.Iimeko ezibangelwa kukothuka kobushushu zihlala zisenzeka ebusika.Uxinzelelo lwegazi luyenyuka kwaye lwehle, lonakalise imithambo yegazi entliziyweni nasengqondweni, okubangela ukuhlaselwa okufana ne-myocardial infarction kunye ne-stroke.Ukuba iimeko ezinjalo aziphathwa ngokungxamisekileyo, imiphumo eyingozi ihlala ihleli, kwaye ukufa akuqhelekanga.
EJapan, abantu abafayo kumagumbi okuhlambela bayanda ebusika.Amagumbi okuhlala kunye namanye amagumbi abantu abachitha ixesha elininzi kuwo ashushu, kodwa amagumbi okuhlambela asoloko engatshiselwa eJapan.Xa umntu ephuma kwigumbi elifudumeleyo esiya kwigumbi lokuhlambela elibandayo aze azijule emanzini ashushu, uxinzelelo lwegazi lomntu kunye nobushushu bomzimba buya kunyuka buye hle kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo nobuchopho.
Xa bevezwe kumahluko amaqondo obushushu abanzi ngexesha elifutshane, umzekelo, xa ubuya ubuya phakathi kwengqele yangaphandle kunye neemeko ezishushu ngaphakathi ebusika, abantu banokuziva betyhafile, benomkhuhlane, okanye begula.Ngethuba lokuphuhliswa kwe-air conditioners, kuqhelekile ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zokupholisa ebusika kunye nokufudumala kwehlobo.Umbhali ufumene uvavanyo lokufudumeza kwaye waziva etyhafile emva kokubuyela umva naphambili phakathi kwegumbi lovavanyo kwiqondo lobushushu eliyi--10ºC kunye negumbi kubushushu obungama-30ºC kwithuba elifutshane.Olu yayiluvavanyo lonyamezelo lomntu.
Ukuziva kobushushu kunye nokuqhelana
Abantu banezivamvo ezintlanu: ukubona, ukuva, ukujoja, ukungcamla nokubamba.Ukongezelela, babona ubushushu, intlungu nokulungelelana.Iqondo lobushushu liyinxalenye yemvakalelo ebambekayo, kwaye ubushushu kunye nokubanda kuviwa zii-receptors ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezifudumeleyo kunye neendawo ezibandayo, ngokulandelanayo.Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, abantu zizilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, yaye kuthiwa ngabantu kuphela abakwaziyo ukubaleka imigama emide kwingqatsini yelanga lasehlotyeni.Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu banokuthoba ubushushu bomzimba wabo ngokubila eluswini lomzimba uphela.
Kuthiwa izidalwa eziphilileyo ziqhelana nemekobume eqhubekayo etshintshayo ukuze zigcine ubomi kunye nokuphila.'Ukuqhelana' kuthetha 'ukuqhelana'.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba xa kutshisa ngokukhawuleza ehlotyeni, umngcipheko wokutshisa ukushisa uyanda, ngakumbi ngosuku lwesibini nolwesithathu, emva kweveki, abantu baqhelana nobushushu.Abantu nabo bayayiqhela ingqele.Abantu abahlala kwindawo apho amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo angaphandle anokuba ngaphantsi njenge-10ºC baya kuziva beshushu ngemini apho ubushushu bangaphandle bunyuka ukuya ku-0ºC.Abanye babo banokunxiba isikipa baze babile ngemini apho iqondo lobushushu liku-0ºC.
Iqondo lobushushu elibonwa ngabantu lahlukile kubushushu bokwenene.Kwingingqi yaseTokyo eJapan, abantu abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba kuya kuba shushu ngoAprili kuze kubande ngoNovemba.Nangona kunjalo, ngokweenkcukacha zemeteorological, ubuninzi, ubuncinci, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi ngo-Epreli noNovemba aphantse afane.
Ukupholisa umoya kunye noLawulo lobushushu
Ngenxa yeziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi, amaza obushushu abetha kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kwaye iingozi ezininzi ngenxa yobushushu benzeke kulo nyaka.Nangona kunjalo, kuthiwa umngcipheko wokufa okubangelwa bubushushu uhlile ngokusasazeka kwe-air conditioning.
Izifudumezi zomoya zithomalalisa ubushushu kwaye zithintele ubushushu.Njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela ubushushu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izixhobo zomoya ngaphakathi endlini.
I-air conditioners ilawula ukushisa kwegumbi kunye nomswakama ukwenzela ukudala imeko ekhululekile, kodwa imeko yokushisa yangaphandle ayitshintshi.Xa abantu besiya ngapha nangapha phakathi kweendawo ezinomahluko omkhulu wobushushu, baba noxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye banokugula ngenxa yokutshintsha kobushushu kwaye basenokonakalisa impilo yabo.
La manyathelo alandelayo angaqwalaselwa ukuphepha utshintsho olukhulu lobushushu ngexesha elifutshane malunga nokuziphatha kwabantu.
– Ukuthintela ukusabela kothuso lobushushu ebusika, gcina umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwamagumbi ngaphakathi kwe-10ºC.
– Ukuthintela ubushushu ehlotyeni, gcina umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwamaqondo obushushu angaphandle nangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-10ºC.Kubonakala kusebenzayo ukutshintsha iqondo lokushisa kwegumbi ngokusebenzisa i-air conditioning, ngokuhambelana neqondo lokushisa langaphandle kunye nokufuma.
– Xa ubuyela emva nangaphandle ngaphakathi nangaphandle, yakha imeko yobushushu obuphakathi okanye indawo kwaye uhlale apho ixeshana ukuze uqhelane nemekobume, uze ungene okanye uphume.
Uphando malunga ne-air conditioning, izindlu, izixhobo, ukuziphatha komntu, njl njl. kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukunciphisa umonakalo kwimpilo obangelwa utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa.Kuyathenjwa ukuba iimveliso zokupholisa umoya eziquka ezi ziphumo zophando ziya kuphuhliswa kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2022