Pamene kutentha kwadzaoneni kukuwononga dziko la United States, Ulaya ndi Afirika, n’kupha anthu masauzande ambiri, asayansi akuchenjeza kuti choipitsitsacho chikali m’tsogolo.Ndi mayiko akupitiriza kupopa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mumlengalenga komanso mwayi woti malamulo a federal asinthe kusintha kwa nyengo akuphwanyidwa ku US, kutentha kwanyengo yachilimwechi kumatha kuwoneka kochepera zaka 30.

Sabata ino, ambiri adawona momwe kutentha kwakukulu kungakhudzire dziko lomwe silinakonzekere kutentha kotentha.Ku UK, komwe ma air conditioner ndi osowa, zoyendera za anthu zimatsekedwa, masukulu ndi maofesi adatsekedwa, ndipo zipatala zidaletsa njira zomwe sizili zadzidzidzi.

Ukadaulo wowongolera mpweya, womwe ambiri amauona mopepuka m'maiko olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi chida chopulumutsa moyo pakatentha kwambiri.Komabe, pafupifupi 8% yokha mwa anthu 2.8 biliyoni omwe akukhala kotentha kwambiri - komanso nthawi zambiri osauka kwambiri - madera adziko lapansi pano omwe ali ndi mpweya m'nyumba zawo.

Mu pepala laposachedwa, gulu la ofufuza a Harvard China Project, omwe amakhala ku Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), adawonetsa kufunikira kwa mtsogolo kwa mpweya wozizira monga masiku omwe kutentha kwakukulu kumawonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi.Gululi linapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mphamvu zamakono za AC ndi zomwe zidzafunike pofika 2050 kuti zipulumutse miyoyo, makamaka m'mayiko osauka komanso omwe akutukuka kumene.

Ofufuzawo akuti, pafupifupi, pafupifupi 70% ya anthu m'maiko angapo adzafunika zoziziritsira mpweya pofika chaka cha 2050 ngati kuchuluka kwa mpweya kupitilira kukwera, ndipo chiwerengerochi chimakhala chokwera kwambiri m'maiko a equatorial monga India ndi Indonesia.Ngakhale dziko litakumana ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu Pangano la Paris Climate Accords - zomwe sizikuyenda bwino - pafupifupi 40% mpaka 50% ya anthu m'maiko ambiri otentha padziko lapansi adzafunikabe AC.

"Mosasamala kanthu za njira zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya, payenera kukhala kuchulukitsitsa kwa mpweya wabwino kapena njira zina zoziziritsira mumlengalenga kwa anthu mabiliyoni ambiri kuti asadzavutike ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumeneku kwa moyo wawo wonse," adatero Peter Sherman. , mnzake wa postdoctoral ku Harvard China Project komanso wolemba woyamba wa pepala laposachedwa.

Sherman, ndi mnzake wapambuyo pa udokotala Haiyang Lin, ndi Michael McElroy, Gilbert Butler Pulofesa wa Environmental Science ku SEAS, adayang'ana makamaka masiku omwe kuphatikiza kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi, kuyeza ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kutentha kwa babu yonyowa, kumatha kupha ngakhale achichepere. , anthu athanzi m’maola ochepa chabe.Zinthu zoopsazi zimatha kuchitika kukakhala kuzizira kokwanira kapena chinyontho chikakhala chambiri kuti thukuta lisazizire m'thupi.

"Ngakhale tinkayang'ana kwambiri masiku omwe kutentha kwa babu wonyowa kunadutsa malire omwe kutentha kumakhala kowopsa kwa anthu ambiri, kutentha kwa babu kumunsi kwa malowo kumakhalabe kosasangalatsa komanso koopsa kotero kuti kungafune AC, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. ,” adatero Sherman."Chifukwa chake, izi ndizosawerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu a AC mtsogolomu."

Gululo linayang'ana zamtsogolo ziwiri - imodzi yomwe kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kumawonjezeka kwambiri kuchokera masiku ano komanso tsogolo lapakati pomwe mpweya umachepetsedwa koma osadulidwa kwathunthu.
 
M'tsogolomu zotulutsa mpweya wambiri, gulu lofufuza linanena kuti 99% ya anthu akumidzi ku India ndi Indonesia adzafuna mpweya wabwino.Ku Germany, dziko lomwe lili ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri, ofufuzawo akuti pafupifupi 92% ya anthu adzafuna AC chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.Ku US, pafupifupi 96% ya anthu adzafunika AC.
 
Mayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri ngati US ali okonzekera bwino ngakhale tsogolo lovuta kwambiri.Pakadali pano, 90% ya anthu ku US ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito AC, poyerekeza ndi 9% ku Indonesia ndi 5% yokha ku India.
 
Ngakhale mpweya utachepetsedwa, India ndi Indonesia adzafunikabe kutumiza zoziziritsa kukhosi kwa 92% ndi 96% ya anthu akumatauni, motsatana.
 
AC yochulukirapo idzafuna mphamvu zambiri.Mafunde akutentha kwambiri akuyambitsa kale ma gridi amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ma AC kumatha kukankhira makina aposachedwa kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, ku US, zoziziritsa mpweya zimatenga kale kupitilira 70% ya kuchuluka kwamagetsi komwe kumafunikira m'nyumba masiku otentha kwambiri m'maboma ena.
 
"Ngati muwonjezera kufunika kwa AC, izi zimakhudzanso gridi yamagetsi," adatero Sherman."Zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta pagululi chifukwa aliyense azigwiritsa ntchito AC nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa magetsi."
 
"Pokonzekera machitidwe amagetsi amtsogolo, zikuwonekeratu kuti simungangowonjezera zofunikira zamasiku ano, makamaka mayiko monga India ndi Indonesia," adatero McElroy."Matekinoloje monga mphamvu yadzuwa atha kukhala othandiza kwambiri pothana ndi zovutazi, chifukwa njira yolumikiziranayi iyenera kugwirizana bwino ndi nthawi yachilimwe yomwe ikufunika kwambiri."
 
Njira zina zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi ndi monga ma dehumidifiers, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuposa zowongolera mpweya.Kaya yankho lingakhale lotani, n’zachionekere kuti kutentha kwakukulu si nkhani ya mibadwo yamtsogolo chabe.
 
"Ili ndi vuto pakadali pano," adatero Sherman.